Tim Davis

A two-terminal current source using the basic circuit of Figure 1a can be enhanced by adding on an independent subcircuit that uses degeneration of a PNP transistor to achieve zero temperature coefficient (tempco or TC). This low-cost design is the result of collecting data...

By combining charge-pump ICs with additional discrete components, this inverting design produces a negative output from a positive one with lower ripple and output impedance. An inverting charge pump takes a positive supply voltage and generates a negative supply from it....