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Application Notes

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  Application Considerations for an Instrumentation Lowpass Filter &mdash AN20
  PDF, 2.8 Mb, File published: Sep 1, 1986
  Discusses the principles of operation of the LTC1062 and helpful hints for its application. Various application circuits are explained in detail with focus on how to cascade two LTC1062s and how to obtain notches. Noise and distortion performance are fully illustrated.
  Extract from the document

  Application Note 20
  September 1986
  Application Considerations for an
  Instrumentation Lowpass Filter
  Nello Sevastopoulos
  Description of this, the value of the (R C) product is critically related
  to the filter passband flatness and to the filter stability.
  The internal circuitry of the LTC1062 is driven by a clock
  which also determines the п¬Ѓlter cutoff frequency. For a
  maximally flat amplitude response, the clock should be
  100 times the desired cutoff frequency and the (R, C)
  should be chosen such as: The LTCВ®1062 is a versatile, DC accurate, instrumentation
  lowpass п¬Ѓlter with gain and phase that closely approximate
  a 5th order Butterworth п¬Ѓlter. The LTC1062 is quite different from presently available lowpass switched-capacitor
  п¬Ѓlters because it uses an external (R, C) to isolate the
  IC from the input signal DC path, thus providing DC accuracy. Figure 1 illustrates the architecture of the circuit.
  The output voltage is sensed through an internal buffer,
  then applied to an internal switched-capacitor network
  which drives the bottom plate of an external capacitor to
  form an input-to-output 5th order lowpass п¬Ѓlter. The input
  and output appear across an external resistor and the IC
  part of the overall п¬Ѓlter handles only the AC path of the
  signal. A buffered output is also provided (Figure 1) and …

Design Notes

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  Low Level, High Accuracy, Bipolar Input Differential to Single-Ended Signal Conversion for 24-Bit A/D Single Supply Differential to Single-Ended Conversion Circuit Amplifies Low Level Bipolar Signals and Maintains the LTC2400's High &mdash Design Solutions 5
  PDF, 38 Kb, File published: Apr 1, 1999
  Extract from the document

  Design Solutions 5
  April 1999
  Low Level, High Accuracy, Bipolar Input Differential to
  Single-Ended Signal Conversion for 24-Bit A/D
  Single Supply Differential to Single-Ended Conversion Circuit Amplifies Low Level
  Bipolar Signals and Maintains the LTC2400’s High Accuracy
  by Kevin R. Hoskins and Derek V. Redmayne
  SPECIFICATIONS
  VCC = VREF = LTВ®1236-5; VFS = В±125mV;
  RSOURCE = 175Ω (Balanced)
  PARAMETER
  Input Voltage Range CIRCUIT
  LTC2400 TOTAL
  (MEASURED)
  ONLY (UNITS)
  В±125 mV
  1.5 ВµV В±2.5 4 ppm 1* 1.5 ВµV Zero Error 25 Input Current See Text Nonlinearity
  Input-Referred Noise
  (without averaging)
  Input-Referred Noise
  (averaged 64 readings) 0.12* ВµV Resolution (with averaged readings) 21.0 Bits Overall Accuracy (uncalibrated)** 17.0 Bits Supply Voltage 5 5 V Supply Current 1.2 0.2 mA CMRR 118 dB 0 to 5 V Common Mode Range * Input-referred noise with a gain of 20.
  ** Does not include gain setting resistors. OPERATION
  The circuit in Figure 1 is ideal for wide dynamic range …

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  Ultra Low Noise Op Amp Combines Chopper and Bipolar Op Amps &mdash DN36
  PDF, 99 Kb, File published: Jul 1, 1990
  Extract from the document

  Ultra Low Noise Op Amp Combines Chopper and
  Bipolar Op Amps – Design Note 36
  Nello Sevastopoulos
  low noise voltage of the LTВ®1007 precision bipolar op
  amp appears in Figure 1. This composite op amp can,
  for instance, be used as a strain gauge amplifier. One
  half of the LTC1051 dual chopper op amp, LTC1051,
  integrates the small LT1007 input offset voltage and
  applies a DC correction voltage at its pin-8 via divider
  (R2, R3). The other half of the LTC1051, buffers the VOS
  nulling circuitry eliminating loading at input A. Resistors R1, R2, R3 allow the integrator full output swing
  assuring VOS correction of the LT1007. The ratio of R3
  to R2 is made as high as possible to limit noise injection
  of the chopper into pin-8 of the bipolar op amp. The
  total measured input VOS was 2ОјV, with a 10nV/В°C drift. Chopper op amp technology has continuously improved.
  Contemporary single, dual and quad low noise chopper
  op amps (LTCВ®1050/51/53), with internal sample and
  hold capacitors, are compatible with industry standard
  op amp sockets.
  Chopper op amps are mainly used to amplify small DC
  signals and these applications require excellent VOS, VOS
  drift, low bias current and low noise. The outstanding
  VOS performance of chopper op amps is well known. …

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  Chopper vs Bipolar Op Amps—An Unbiased Comparison &mdash DN42
  PDF, 70 Kb, File published: Dec 1, 1990
  Extract from the document

  Chopper vs Bipolar Op Amps—An Unbiased Comparison
  Design Note 42
  George Erdi Table 1 lists the parameters of importance. In all input
  parameters (except noise) the advantage unquestionably goes to the choppers. 5ОјV maximum offset voltage, 0.5ОјV/В°C maximum drift are commonly found
  Table 1. Chopper Stabilized vs Precision Bipolar Op Amps
  ADVANTAGE
  PARAMETER
  Offset Voltage
  Offset Drift
  All Other DC Specs CHOPPER BIPOLAR COMMENTS
  вњ“
  вњ“
  вњ“ No Contest Wideband, 20Hz to
  1MHz вњ“ See Details in Text Noise вњ“ See Details in Text вњ“ Rail to Rail Swing
  2mA Limit on
  Choppers Output: Light Load
  Heavy Load
  Single Supply
  Application вњ“ вњ“ Inherent to
  Choppers Needs
  Special Design
  Bipolars В±15V Supply Voltage вњ“ Except LTC1150 Prejudice/Tradition вњ“ Still a Chopper
  Problem Cost 08/90/86_conv вњ“ Unless DC …

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Manufacturer's Classification

• Signal Conditioning > Amplifiers > Operational Amplifiers (Op Amps) > Precision Amplifiers (Vos | Zero-Drift Amplifiers | Low Bias Current Amplifiers (Ib < 100pA) | Low Power Amplifiers (Is < 1mA/amp) | High Voltage Amplifiers (>12V) | Rail-to-Rail Amplifiers