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Application Notes

• Download
  Micropower Circuits for Signal Conditioning &mdash AN23
  PDF, 2.2 Mb, File published: Apr 1, 1987
  Low power operation of electronic apparatus has become increasingly desirable. AN23 describes a variety of low power circuits for transducer signal conditioning. Also included are designs for data converters and switching regulators. Three appended sections discuss guidelines for micropower design, strobed power operation and effects of test equipment on micropower circuits.
  Extract from the document

  Application Note 23
  April 1987
  Micropower Circuits for Signal Conditioning
  Jim Williams
  Low power operation of electronic apparatus has become
  increasingly desirable. Medical, remote data acquisition,
  power monitoring and other applications are good candidates for battery driven, low power operation. Micropower
  analog circuits for transducer-based signal conditioning
  present a special class of problems. Although micropower
  ICs are available, the interconnection of these devices to
  form a functioning micropower circuit requires care. (See
  Box Sections, “Some Guidelines for Micropower Design
  and an Example” and “Parasitic Effects of Test Equipment
  on Micropower Circuits.”) In particular, trade-offs between
  signal levels and power dissipation become painful when
  performance in the 10-bit to 12-bit area is desirable. Additionally, many transducers and analog signals produce +V inherently small outputs, making micropower requirements complicate an already difficult situation. Despite the
  problems, design of such circuits is possible by combining
  high performance micropower ICs with appropriate circuit
  techniques.
  Platinum RTD Signal Conditioner
  Figure 1 shows a simple circuit for signal conditioning
  a platinum RTD. Correction for the platinum sensor’s
  nonlinear response is included. Accuracy is 0.25В°C over …

• Download
  Bridge Circuits &mdash AN43
  PDF, 3.8 Mb, File published: Jun 1, 1990
  Subtitled "Marrying Gain and Balance," this note covers signal conditioning circuits for various types of bridges. Included are transducer bridges, AC bridges, Wien bridge oscillators, Schottky bridges, and others. Special attention is given to amplifier selection criteria. Appended sections cover strain gauge transducers, understanding distortion measurements, and historical perspectives on bridge readout mechanisms and Wein bridge oscillators.
  Extract from the document

  Application Note 43
  June 1990
  Bridge Circuits
  Marrying Gain and Balance
  Jim Williams
  Bridge circuits are among the most elemental and powerful
  electrical tools. They are found in measurement, switching, oscillator and transducer circuits. Additionally, bridge
  techniques are broadband, serving from DC to bandwidths
  well into the GHz range. The electrical analog of the mechanical beam balance, they are also the progenitor of all
  electrical differential techniques. and stability of the basic configuration. In particular, transducer manufacturers are quite adept at adapting the bridge
  to their needs (see Appendix A, “Strain Gauge Bridges”).
  Careful matching of the transducer’s mechanical characteristics to the bridge’s electrical response can provide a
  trimmed, calibrated output. Similarly, circuit designers
  have altered performance by adding active elements (e.g.,
  amplifiers) to the bridge, excitation source or both. Resistance Bridges
  Figure 1 shows a basic resistor bridge. The circuit is
  usually credited to Charles Wheatstone, although S. H.
  Christie, who demonstrated it in 1833, almost certainly
  preceded him.1 If all resistor values are equal (or the two
  sides ratios are equal) the differential voltage is zero. The
  excitation voltage does not alter this, as it affects both
  sides equally. When the bridge is operating off null, the
  excitation’s magnitude sets output sensitivity. The bridge …

• Download
  Measurement and Control Circuit Collection &mdash AN45
  PDF, 1.2 Mb, File published: Jun 5, 1991
  A variety of measurement and control circuits are included in this application note. Eighteen circuits, including ultra low noise amplifiers, current sources, transducer signal conditioners, oscillators, data converters and power supplies are presented. The circuits emphasize precision specifications with relatively simple configurations.
  Extract from the document

  Application Note 45
  June 1991
  Measurement and Control Circuit Collection
  Diapers and Designs on the Night Shift
  Jim Williams
  Introduction
  During my wife’s pregnancy I wondered what it would
  really be like when the baby was finally born. Before that
  time, there just wasn’t much mothering and fathering to
  do. As a consolation, we busied ourselves watching the
  baby’s heartbeat (Figure 1) on a thrown-together fetal heart
  monitor (see References). feedings. As such, the circuits are annotated with the
  number of feedings required for their completion; e.g., a
  “3-bottle circuit” took three feedings. The circuit’s degree
  of difficulty, and Michael’s degree of cooperation, combined
  to determine the bottle rating, which is duly recorded in
  each figure.
  Low Noise and Drift Chopped Bipolar Amplifier
  Figure 2’s circuit combines the low noise of an LT®1028
  with a chopper based carrier modulation scheme to achieve
  an extraordinarily low noise, low drift DC amplifier. DC
  drift and noise performance exceed any currently available
  monolithic amplifier. Offset is inside 1ОјV, with drift less …

• Download
  Techniques for 92% Efficient LCD Illumination &mdash AN55
  PDF, 688 Kb, File published: Aug 1, 1993
  This publication details several LCD backlight circuits which feature 92% efficiency. Other benefits include low voltage operation, synchronizing capability, higher output power for color displays, and extended dimming range. Extensive coverage of practical issues includes layout problems, multi-lamp displays, safety and reliability concerns and efficiency and photometric measurements. Also included is a review of circuits which did not work along with appropriate commentary.
  Extract from the document

  Application Note 55
  August 1993
  Techniques for 92% Efficient LCD Illumination
  Waste Not, Want Not .
  Jim Williams
  INTRODUCTION
  In August of 1992 LTC published Application Note 49,
  “Illumination Circuitry for Liquid Crystal Displays.” One
  notable aspect of this event is that it generated more
  response than all previous LTC application notes combined. This level of interest, along with significant performance advances since AN-49’s appearance, justifies
  further discussion of LCD backlighting circuitry.
  This publication includes pertinent information from the
  previous effort in addition to updated sections and a large
  body of new material. The partial repetition is a small
  penalty compared to the benefits of text flow, completeness and time efficient communication. The most noteworthy performance advance is achievement of 92%
  efficiency for the backlight power supply. Additional new
  benefits include low voltage operation, synchronizing capability, higher output power for color displays, and extended dimming range.
  A practical 92% efficient LCD backlight design is a classic
  study of compromise in a transduced electronic system.
  Every aspect of the design is interrelated, and the physical
  embodiment is an integral part of the electrical circuit. The
  choice and location of the lamp, wires, display housing
  and other items has a major effect on electrical characteristics. The greatest care in every detail is required to …

Design Notes

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  Micropower Dual and Quad JFET Op Amps Feature pA Input Bias Currents and C-LoadTM Drive Capability &mdash DN136
  PDF, 265 Kb, File published: Sep 1, 1996
  Extract from the document

  LT1462/LT1463/LT1464/LT1465: Micropower Dual and Quad JFET
  Op Amps Feature pA Input Bias Currents and C-Loadв„ў Drive
  Capability – Design Note 136
  Alexander Strong and Kevin R. Hoskins
  Introduction
  The LTВ®1462/LT1464 duals and the LT1463/LT1465
  quads are the first micropower op amps to offer
  picoampere input bias currents and unity-gain stability
  when driving capacitive loads. For each amplifier, the
  LT1462/LT1463 consume only 28ВµA of supply current;
  the faster LT1464/LT1465, just 145ВµA. Low supply
  current and operation specified at В±5V supplies make
  these amplifiers appropriate for portable low power applications. The LT1462/3/4/5 family is especially suited
  for piezo transducer conditioning, strain gauge weight
  scales, very low droop track-and-holds, wide dynamic
  range photodiode amplifiers and other applications that
  benefit from pA input bias current. The LT1462/3/4/5
  family also exhibits very low noise current, important to
  circuits such as low frequency filters. These op amps allow high value resistors to be used with easily obtainable,
  low value precision capacitors to set a filter’s frequency
  characteristics without compromising noise performance. Driving Large Capacitive Loads
  Though the LT1462/3/4/5 consume very small amounts
  of supply current, they can easily drive 10nF loads while …

• Download
  Applications for a New Micropower, Low Charge Injection Analog Switch &mdash DN38
  PDF, 77 Kb, File published: Aug 1, 1990
  Extract from the document

  Applications for a New Micropower, Low Charge Injection
  Analog Switch – Design Note 38
  Guy Hoover, William Rempfer, Jim Williams
  With greater accuracy for both charge and voltage
  switching, the LTC В®201A is a superior replacement for
  the industry standard DG201A. In addition, the micropower LTC201A operates from a single 5V supply, and
  has lower on-resistance and faster switching speed.
  These improvements are critical to the operation of
  the following three circuits.
  Micropower V-F Converter
  Figure 1 shows a 100Hz to 1MHz voltage-to-frequency
  converter. This V-to-F operates from a single supply and draws only 90ОјA quiescent current, rising to 360ОјA at
  1MHz. Linearity is 0.02% over a 100Hz to 1MHz range.
  The circuit consists of an oscillator, a servo amplifier
  and a charge pump. The oscillator’s divided down
  output is expressed as current (charge per time) by
  the LTC201A-500pF combination. The input voltage
  is converted to current by the 220k trimmer pair. The
  amplifier controls the oscillator frequency to force the
  net value of the current into A1’s summing point to zero.
  L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks
  of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their
  respective owners. …

Model Line

Manufacturer's Classification

• Data Conversion > Switches and Multiplexers

Other Names:

LTC201ACSTRPBF, LTC201ACS TRPBF