The need for conditioning low-level ac signals in the presence of both common-mode noise and differential dc voltage prevails in many applications. In such situations, ac-coupling to instrumentation and difference amplifiers is mandatory to extract ...
Many portable appliances and other products that must operate from a single cell are restricted to working at very low voltages. It is thus difficult to drive white LEDs that typically have a forward voltage of 3 to 5 V. The ability to flash the ...
Almost all precision voltage-to-frequency converters (V-F) utilize charge pump based feedback for stability. These schemes rely on a capacitor for stability. A great deal of effort towards this approach has resulted in high performance V-F ...
Self-powered isolation amplifiers, which need no external isolated power supply, provide versatile and convenient interfaces in many applications that require galvanic isolation of the signal source. Examples of such applications include circuits ...
The schematic in Figure 1 shows a way to increase the power available from a current-limited 5 V supply by adding power from a 5 V supply. The dc/dc converter generates a single 12 V, 150-mA (1.8 W) output from two regulated and current-limited ...
Filter, audio, and RF-communications testing often require a random noise source. Figure 1’s circuit provides an RMS-amplitude regulated noise source with selectable bandwidth. RMS output is 300 mV with a 1 kHz to 5 MHz bandwidth, selectable ...
Figure 1 is a “charge pump” type V/F converter specifically designed to run from a 3.3 V rail. A 0 V to 2 V input produces a corresponding 0 kHz to 3 kHz output with linearity inside 0.05%. To understand how the circuit works assume ...
This article describes an active load circuit that can be used to simulate a battery in any state of charge. The battery simulator provides a constant-voltage load for a battery-charging circuit, independent of applied charging current. The ...
It is often desirable to determine a battery’s internal resistance to evaluate its condition or suitability for an application. Accurate battery resistance determination is complicated by inherent capacitive terms which corrupt results taken ...
Designers often use chargers with flyback topologies to quickly charge energy-storage capacitors (references 1 and 2 ). In a flyback topology, the energy transfer takes place only when the charger’s power MOSFET is off, which effectively ...