Microcontrollers

Sensors such as strain gages, RTDs, and thermistors produce a resistance that’s proportional to force or temperature. If you measure a sensor’s resistance, you can calculate the physical parameter. Circuits such as resistance bridges can help you measure the unknown resistance...

Cortex-M0+ is not the newest small, low-power processor and, in fact, some newer offerings may surpass it. However, its broad deployment and mature environment continue to make the processor a compelling offering for low-power applications...

Analog-to-digital conversion based on the classic combination of a voltage-to-frequency converter with a counter has been around for (many) decades, mainly because it has some durable time-proven advantages...

An excerpt from Christopher Paul’s “Parsing PWM (DAC) performance: Part 1 – Mitigating errors”: “I was surprised to discover that when an output of a popular µP...

Pulse width modulation is a terrific basis for digital to analog conversion. Credit goes to features like simplicity and perfect differential and integral linearity. Unfortunately, PWM’s need for ripple filtering tends to make it slow...

The 0- to 20-mA current loop is a reliable means of data communication in industrial applications. These circuits use a precision shunt in the receiver to convert the current signal into a voltage signal...

The basis for this Design Idea is a circuit that uses three resistors and a microcontroller-I/O pin to work as input high impedance or output to independently drive two LEDs...

While the long-lived Z80 continues on in Z180 and eZ80 forms, the standalone DIP-packaged variants' days are numbered...

I2C is a popular bidirectional serial communications bus having a clock and a data line. Both line’s drivers consist of an open drain ground-referenced N-channel MOSFET with a pullup resistor connected to a supply...

The circuit is a single-supply version of a programmable Schmitt trigger, or a comparator with hysteresis...