An elementary model of a battery's internal impedance includes resistive and capacitive elements, but the capacitive elements introduce errors in ac-based impedance measurements. For improved accuracy, analyze the battery's voltage drop at a frequency nea
Figure 1. An elementary model of a battery's internal impedance includes resistive and capacitive elements, but the capacitive elements introduce errors in ac-based impedance measurements. For improved accuracy, analyze the battery's voltage drop at a frequency nea