Circuits & Schematics

As a genre, DACs are low power devices with power and current output capabilities limited to the milliwatt and milliampere range. There is, of course, no fundamental reason they can’t be teamed up with suitable power output stages, which is ...

A two-terminal current source using the basic circuit of Figure 1a can be enhanced by adding on an independent subcircuit that uses degeneration of a PNP transistor to achieve zero temperature coefficient (tempco or TC). This low-cost design is the ...

Usually, noise annoys. Occasionally, it can be a valuable tool. Surprisingly, there is a whole palette of noise colors [ 1 ]. This design idea (DI) shows good ways of generating the commonest and most useful ones, which are white [ 2 ] and pink [ 3 ...

Implementation details Loop area R1/C1/R3 should be minimized for best EMI rejection (Figure 3). Additionally, R1/C1 should be very well shielded from electrical fields, which will be discussed further in the EMI Considerations section. Although ...

The oscillator was intended for other purposes, but unexpectedly its breadboard prototype became in great demand for evaluating the performance of operational amplifiers purchased on well-known Internet sites. The simplest test of the op amp ...

Noise in electrical circuits is typically the enemy, and any self-respecting circuit should output as little noise as possible. Nevertheless, there are cases where a well-characterized source of noise with no other signal is entirely the desired ...

In the early days of personal computers, incorporation of one or two (or more) RS-232 serial ports as general purpose I/O adaptors was common practice. Recently, this “vintage” standard has been largely replaced (after all, it is 64 ...

A variety of analog front-end functions typically assist ADCs to do their jobs. These include instrumentation amplifiers (INA), digitally programmable gain (DPG), and sample and holds (S H). The circuit in Figure 1 is a bit atypical in merging all ...

An electronic dice is always an enjoyable project, which is easy to implement with some lines of program code on a microcontroller, or with a few digital components. However, implementing an electronic dice in analog technology is more of a ...

There are many circuits of soldering station controllers, but absolutely all close the temperature feedback loop using the soldering iron heater thermistor. The performances of the soldering station can be improved and the circuit can be made ...