.. the 1 Ω output resistor. This voltage should be low enough that it won’t hurt or bias sensitive circuits. Four-wire probes with Kelvin connections near the tips are used because of the low voltages. The bias current flows through ...
.. low-cost alternative that provides not only a 4- to 20-mA output, but also a digital feedback signal that indicates an open wire in the current loop (Figure 1). One output-port pin sets the current, and one input-port pin monitors an open ...
.. thermal sensor (that chain is D1, Q4, Q5 in our case) is broken due to a bad contact in the socket or simply a break in a wire, this will inevitably generate a large and uncontrollable through current in the transistors Q1 and Q2. These ...
.. equal and opposite, no flux is generated in the transducer core. However, under faulty conditions, the current in the live wire exceeds the current in the neutral wire, which catalyzes the production of flux in the core. This transducer core ...
.. For example, the display itself can locally pick up ground. This approach allows you to effect a “single”-wire connection. The simple circuit in Figure 1 shows the implementation of the idea. Figure 1. This circuit provides ...
.. supply drops well below the conduction threshold. The trick is to “kick-start” the oscillation using a third wire connected upstream of the power switch. When the switch is in the “off” state, this third wire ...
.. of T38 material with an inductance of 7000 nH. Both the primary and the secondary windings are 90 turns of 0.2-mm wire; the secondary winding is wound on top of the primary winding. Stray inductance is not important in this case, ...
.. with the motor and a 1-µF polystyrene capacitor (C5) in parallel with the motor. The inductor consists of 20 turns of wire on a 10-mm E-type ferrite core or a torroidal core. The low-pass LC filter so formed has a cutoff frequency of ...
.. Since the sketch is already a complex one, to reduce the complexity a bit, a number of libraries were used, including; the Wire.h library, the LiquidCrystal_I2C library, and the EEPROM library. The wire library was used to facilitate I 2 C ...
.. the same time are given a buzzer sound signalization and LED light signalization. In this case the sensor is a plain copper wire, with a 1.5 mm diameter, but you can use any piece of wire or metal tile. Figure 1. A simple to build, but very ...