Accurate op amps have high open-loop gain, low offset voltage and current, low voltage and current noise, and low distortion. However, they often lack the ability to provide high output currents while maintaining all the other high-accuracy ...
The gate-turn-on threshold voltage for GaAs MESFETs (gallium-arsenide metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors) varies considerably from part to part, even within a given lot. That behavior makes biasing difficult, especially if you want to ...
The thermocouple is a popular sensor for industrial temperature measurement because it's accurate, cost-effective, widely available, and suitable for a wide range of temperatures. It consists of two wires of different metal or metal alloys, ...
The circuit in Figure 1 derives its power from a USB port and produces 5 and 3.3 V supply rails for portable devices, such as digital cameras, MP3 players, and PDAs. The circuit allows the port to maintain communications while, for example, ...
When a processor-controlled device must operate reliably, designers often choose to periodically reset the processor rather than rely on a watchdog configuration. In low-power systems, this periodic-reset circuit can consume a large part of the ...
Adding four components to a negative linear regulator (U1 in the Figure 1) increases the load current by 60%. The additional pass transistor and associated resistors cost less than $0.17 in 1000-unit quantities. Figure 1. A pass transistor and ...
The Sallen-Key realization of a 5.25-MHz, three-pole Butterworth filter has a gain of 2 V/V and can drive 75 Ω back-terminated coax with an overall gain of 1 (Figure 1). Used to reconstruct component-video (Y, Pb, Pr) and RGB signals, this ...
LED-driver circuits can be dimmed by applying a variable duty cycle (pulse-width modulation, or PWM) to the LED. PWM exploits LED behavior: At higher current levels, the LED’s light output is higher for a given level of power dissipation ...
Portable battery-powered devices often spend most of their life in standby mode, in which the quiescent current of an internal boost converter continuously bleeds the battery. The quiescent current during standby can be larger than the actual load ...
Fan noise is becoming a significant issue as electronic equipment increasingly enters the office and the home. Noise is proportional to fan speed, and the airflow hence, fan speed necessary for cooling is less at low ambient temperatures. Because ...