Introduction A 500 V protection circuit for low voltage high impedance measuring instruments is shown in Figure 1. The protection is accomplished by limiting the amount of current going into the measuring instrument. The circuit will protect ...
Piezoelectric buzzers find wide use as audible-signal generators because of their low power consumption and clear, penetrating sound. An external driver or a self-driven circuit that oscillates at the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric element ...
Targeted for the smart home, this design leverages two PIC MCUs that use a wireless RF transmitter/receiver to control up to six relays and monitor two analog signals. In this design idea, you will learn how to interface two PIC microcontrollers ...
Many low-cost and portable systems, including small consumer electronic products, operate from unregulated power supplies such as batteries or external, plug-in “power bricks.” These power sources sometimes produce lower-than-nominal ...
This 8051 microcontroller-based control circuit adjusts the speed of a small permanent-magnet dc motor via photosensors (Figure 1). The circuit can find applications in light-tracking systems for adjusting tracking-motor speed depending on the ...
Maybe the most common applications for very-low-value resistors (i.e., milliohms (mΩ) and below) are current-controlling circuits, where their low value reduces power losses. For these applications, a tolerance of about 10%-20% is quite ...
Laboratory data often appears as Gaussian curves, and today's laboratory data-acquisition software is designed to analyze these data to determine such things as peak location, amplitude, area, and width. A good test signal is useful in ...
The LP2951 voltage regulator is commonly used in applications requiring a preset output voltage, which can easily be configured using two resistors. The device provides low dropout regulation over a wide range of output voltages ranging from 1.235 ...
Although microcontroller manufacturers try to offer designers products that almost exactly fit the needs of their designs, another output pin is often necessary. This situation is particularly true in small designs using microcontrollers with eight ...
Most readers are familiar with the current-limiting circuit in Figure 1, in which the load current, I L , is limited to a value of where V BE is the base-to-emitter voltage and R S is the sense resistance. Under normal conditions, in which the ...