Low-cost monolithic precision adjustable voltage references are available in multiple families from multiple manufacturers, but this isn’t true for adjustable precision current references. That’s unfortunate, because while most ...
Self-powered isolation amplifiers, which need no external isolated power supply, provide versatile and convenient interfaces in many applications that require galvanic isolation of the signal source. Examples of such applications include circuits ...
LED drivers have lots of features and require plenty of external components. When your application requires no PWM (pulse-width-modulated) dimming or controlled frequency operation, your primary concern may be that too much current could damage or ...
Besides its mind-boggling simplicity and programmable resolution, the chief attribute of the Shannon decoder DAC (SD) is speed ( Ref. 1 ), converting a serial n-bit digital stream into an analog signal in just nT seconds where T = 1 bit time. Of ...
Introduction A 500 V protection circuit for low voltage high impedance measuring instruments is shown in Figure 1. The protection is accomplished by limiting the amount of current going into the measuring instrument. The circuit will protect ...
Piezoelectric buzzers find wide use as audible-signal generators because of their low power consumption and clear, penetrating sound. An external driver or a self-driven circuit that oscillates at the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric element ...
Targeted for the smart home, this design leverages two PIC MCUs that use a wireless RF transmitter/receiver to control up to six relays and monitor two analog signals. In this design idea, you will learn how to interface two PIC microcontrollers ...
Many low-cost and portable systems, including small consumer electronic products, operate from unregulated power supplies such as batteries or external, plug-in “power bricks.” These power sources sometimes produce lower-than-nominal ...
This 8051 microcontroller-based control circuit adjusts the speed of a small permanent-magnet dc motor via photosensors (Figure 1). The circuit can find applications in light-tracking systems for adjusting tracking-motor speed depending on the ...
Maybe the most common applications for very-low-value resistors (i.e., milliohms (mΩ) and below) are current-controlling circuits, where their low value reduces power losses. For these applications, a tolerance of about 10%-20% is quite ...