Circuits & Schematics Signal Processing, Filters - 3

Many industrial- and medical-system circuits require isolation from the mains-ac power. You can often send a signal across the isolation barrier using a small transformer; transformers do not pass low-frequency signals well. The circuit in this ...

Positive feedback is a typical technique for distributing hysteresis around a comparator, provided that you have a resistive path between the comparator's output and the noninverting input. Positive feedback forms two threshold voltages that ...

Professional electronics designers often use peak-detector circuit sin such applications as amplitude measurement, automatic gain control, and data regeneration. You can build a simple and fast peak detector from a serial diode and a shunt ...

You face a serious problem in using a slow ADC with a fast peak detector. The circuit in Figure 1 allows a slow ADC to measure a fast, sampled signal peak. The 100-MHz peak detector for ultrasonic-pulse sampling uses a fast MAX4231 amplifier. This ...

Sometimes, you need to distinguish between two voltages, using some hysteresis in the decision. When the levels of the compared signals vary over a wide range (for example, a few orders of magnitude), the hysteresis width should vary similarly to ...

Although monolithic instrumentation amplifiers are more cost-effective than their discrete and modular predecessors, the limited variety of monolithic instrumentation amps restricts their use. You can widen your options, however, by deriving the ...

Modern battery-cell voltages of 3 to 3.6 V require circuits that offer efficient low-voltage operation. This Design Idea proposes an ac-coupled instrumentation-amplifier design that features high CMRR (common-mode-rejection ratio), wide dc ...

When processing signals from analog sensors, you frequently encounter wide variations in attenuation among communication channels or sensors. Or, you face situations in which several identical sensors within a supervised system return signals of ...

Resistance-based transducers, such as strain gauges and piezoresistive devices, find common use in the measurement of several physical parameters. For applications in which digital processors or microcontrollers serve for data acquisition and ...

Many single-supply applications need precision amplifiers that can operate from 5 V or lower. Although many precision, single-supply op amps are currently available for configuring as 2- and 3-amplifier instrumentation amplifiers (IAs), these ...