Circuits & Schematics - Measurement - 3

Usually, noise annoys. Occasionally, it can be a valuable tool. Surprisingly, there is a whole palette of noise colors [ 1 ]. This design idea (DI) shows good ways of generating the commonest and most useful ones, which are white [ 2 ] and pink [ 3 ...

Implementation details Loop area R1/C1/R3 should be minimized for best EMI rejection (Figure 3). Additionally, R1/C1 should be very well shielded from electrical fields, which will be discussed further in the EMI Considerations section. Although ...

The oscillator was intended for other purposes, but unexpectedly its breadboard prototype became in great demand for evaluating the performance of operational amplifiers purchased on well-known Internet sites. The simplest test of the op amp ...

Noise in electrical circuits is typically the enemy, and any self-respecting circuit should output as little noise as possible. Nevertheless, there are cases where a well-characterized source of noise with no other signal is entirely the desired ...

In the early days of personal computers, incorporation of one or two (or more) RS-232 serial ports as general purpose I/O adaptors was common practice. Recently, this “vintage” standard has been largely replaced (after all, it is 64 ...

A variety of analog front-end functions typically assist ADCs to do their jobs. These include instrumentation amplifiers (INA), digitally programmable gain (DPG), and sample and holds (S H). The circuit in Figure 1 is a bit atypical in merging all ...

There are many circuits of soldering station controllers, but absolutely all close the temperature feedback loop using the soldering iron heater thermistor. The performances of the soldering station can be improved and the circuit can be made ...

Using the system shown in Fig. 1, you can quickly test a cable containing twisted-wire pairs and detect open or reversed pairs, shorted pairs, and shorts between unrelated pairs. The tester consists of an active test set that plugs into one end of ...

Introduction Photovoltaic (PV) modules are popular and affordable sources of renewable energy. Most photovoltaic modules last about 20 years, but thermal stress and moisture ingress, among other causes, can degrade a module’s output power ...

In 1986, famed analog innovator Jim Williams, in “Designs for High Performance Voltage-to-Frequency Converters” ( Reference 1 ) published his 100 MHz “King Kong” VFC. If anyone’s ever done a faster VFC, I haven’t ...