You sometimes need to measure the differential temperature between two points in a system to a greater accuracy than that required in measuring the absolute temperature at either of the individual points. Differential-temperature measurement is ...
Current sources are useful in many areas of electronics, such as voltage and current division, current transmitters, excitation of thermistors, RTDs, bridges, potentiometers, and circuit biasing. Current sources are either fixed- or ...
Increasing ADC resolution Many electronic designs contain an ADC, or more than one, to read various signals and voltages. Often, these ADCs are included as part of the microcontroller (MCU) being used. This means, once you pick your MCU, you have ...
Introduction In many applications, it is not possible to measure distance to the target by establishing a physical contact. Typical examples include measuring presence of objects on a conveyor belt in logistic centers, or ensuring safety distances ...
Lightning is one of nature’s most intense and unpredictable forces, but thankfully, we have got technology to help us stay ahead of the storm. Lightning detectors are designed to pick up the electromagnetic signals generated by lightning ...
PWM is a simple, cool, cheap, cheerful, and (therefore) popular DAC technology. Excellent differential nonlinearity (DNL) and monotonicity are virtually guaranteed by PWM. Also guaranteed are a stable zero and a full-scale accuracy that’s ...
High speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are by definition devices that sample an analog signal and, as such, must have sample clock inputs. Some system designers that utilize ADCs have observed a slower than expected startup from the time ...
Abstract This article discusses the applications of an operational amplifier for electrochemical gas sensors such as ethanol and carbon monoxide (CO). It also discusses the desired performance to provide optimum results for accurate measurement of ...
Impact of ADC resolution and its reference Engineers always want to get all they can from their circuits; this holds for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). To maximize performance from an ADC, resolution is perhaps the primary spec to focus on. ...
When tasked with a current sensing requirement, designers typically look first to using dedicated resistors designed for this task. Occasionally though there is the temptation to consider sensing current in a printed circuit board (PCB) trace. ...