The circuit in Figure 1 shows an electronic switch driven by a momentary pushbutton, which turns the power alternately on and off. It was designed for battery-powered equipment. The easiest way to implement it is to use a flip-flop IC, such as the ...
Avoiding op-amp output saturation error by keeping op-amp outputs “live” and below zero volts is a job where a few milliamps and volts (or even fractions of one volt) of regulated negative rail can be key to achieving accurate analog ...
Fig 1’s circuit, which was developed to monitor the traffic of bumblebees into and out of the hive, differentiates “a-to-b” motion from “b-to-a” motion. When used with an optical decoder, the circuit distinguishes ...
In the classic configuration and most variants of the astable 555 multivibrator circuit, the timing characteristics are based on the charging and discharging of a capacitor. However, it can be argued that since the exponential voltage of a ...
A previous Design Idea “Gated 555 astable hits the ground running” ( Ref. 1 ) offered a fix for the problem of the excessively long first pulse that’s generated by traditional topology 555 astable circuits on start up when gated ...
While refurbishing an ageing audio mixer, I decided that the level meters needed special attention. Their rather horrible 100 µA edgewise movements had VU-type scales, the drive electronics being just a diode (germanium?) and a resistor. ...
The classic and versatile 555 finds its way into many low to moderate frequency oscillator applications. Some of these require the ability to selectively gate oscillation on and off on demand and the 555’s RESET pin can conveniently be used ...
Keeping op-amp outputs “live” at and below zero volts, generating symmetrical output signals, and processing bipolar analog inputs, are all examples of design situations where a few milliamps of negative voltage rail can be a necessity. ...
Second test circuit I looked at several types of AGC circuits (strictly, Automatic Level Control). JFETs are the usual starting-point but are inherently non-linear and need to be surrounded by lots of stuff to limit the signal voltage across them ...
A while ago, I needed (or wanted) a pocket-sized audio sine-wave generator: simple, stable, repeatable, single-gang control pot, 9 V battery-powered. A “squashed tri-wave” approach looked appropriate. While the principle is easy make a ...